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Table of Contents :
Editorial Note
Ufo Uzodike and Saheed Ahmad Rufai 7
Terrorism is a very controversial concept that generates divergent meanings to different people. Paradoxically, the differences amongst analysts who interpret the activities of a sect as terror-laden, often reaches a meeting point, when the actors in the given mayhem consistently exhibit actions that violate almost all fundamental human rights. That is the scenario created by the activities of Al Shabab and Boko Haram. This work presents a synoptic history of the two terror sects. It shows how the operational dynamics of both sects are closely related. It also documents the implications of their activities for their countries of origin and beyond. Finally the work called for the enthronement of multi-track peace building strategies and counter-insurgency strategies both at the domestic and international levels as a road map to check the sects’ activities.
There is an emerging concern over the perceived nature of women’s entrepreneurship as an important untapped source of economic growth. This growing perception finds support in the women entrepreneurs’ potential to create new jobs for themselves and others. It also finds support in their potential to offer the society different solutions to management, organizational and business problems. Yet, they unarguably represent a minority of all entrepreneurs. There certainly is a long-felt need for a systematic study on women entrepreneurs in specific contexts. The purpose of this study is therefore to attempt a contribution in addressing such a need. The study is guided by one specific research question namely, What is the theoretical rationale for research on women entrepreneurs in the Nigerian context. The study which employs the analytical method, has the potential to change the landscape of economic activities in the two states by exposing the unseen capacities of women entrepreneurs and stimulate further research into the subject in various contexts. The contribution of the study lies in its provision of considerable theoretical bases for research on women entrepreneurs.
Biofuel, a recent emerging source of fuel in the energy sector has gained much emphasis on the political economy of various countries of the world .As world fuel prices are rising, the growing demand for energy, and concerns about global warming, has caught the minds of majority. This study, through literature review and conceptualization derived from public choice and agricultural policy theme, aimed to assess the political economy of biofuel in Tanzania. The study pointed out that there is a policy dilemma regarding biofuel production and land acquisition, food security, conservation and environmental issues related to biofuel, lobbyists (private investors), local communities and government. The conclusion summarizes that absence of specific policy for the sector has a negative effect on the country at large. The study recommends that the policy that is to be formulated should adequately address the interests of different groups in the sector.
There is a growing speculation that a new vista is being opened through the emerging scholarship on Islamic radicalism and terrorism in Nigeria. This new vista seeks to promote the perception that the Boko Haram radicalism and terrorism may be traceable to the Sudanese Mahdism of the early 20th century and the Nigerian Maitatsinism of the 1980s. Such a perception finds support in the emerging thinking that no historical account on Islamic extremism, radicalism, and terrorism in Nigeria can be deemed complete without an express reference to the Sudanese Mahdism and the Nigerian Maitatsinism. The purpose of this study is to explore the linkage between these two variants of Islamic extremism and the Boko Haram radicalism and terrorism. The study which is both exploratory and analytical in method attempts to answer three interconnected questions namely: what is the nature of the Sudanese Mahdism? What is the nature of the Nigerian Maitatsinism? How does Boko Haram mirror Mahdism and Maitatsinism in radicalism and terrorism? The significance of this study lies in its potential to constitute a useful addition to the scholarship of Islamic terrorism in Nigeria and to also draw the blind and eliminate some obscurity on possible sources of inspirations for the Boko Haram terrorists by the Mahdiyyah and Maitatine radicalism. In order to achieve a systematic engagement with the subject of this study, the three research questions shall be addressed in a logical and sequential fashion.
The paper sets out to explore the nature and dynamics of multiculturalism- an ideology that has the potency of integrating and interconnecting the world by the promotion of cultural identity, diversity and equity. The paper argues that decades after the dismantling of the apparatus of legal segregation and subsequent erosion of many of the cultural supports of racial domination in America, racial discrimination has remained a norm and pervasive fact of life which has been demonstrated both in mundane social interactions and in the major institutional contexts. The paper further argues that the birth of multiculturalism in America has done little to circumvent the rising tide of racial inequality and stigma against the African-Americans. The effects of this are more subtle and deeply embedded in the symbolic and expressive life of the American society. A secondary method was used to collect data which included review of journal articles, books, electronically downloaded materials and critical reviews of official documents. Qualitative descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the data.
This paper seeks to give an overview of what seems to be a perennial cause of differences between the white and black community in Zimbabwe tracing the origins of the causes of this endemic misunderstanding. The paper has attempted to illustrate the root cause of racism in Zimbabwe and illustrated the effects of this monster which has led to the destruction ofthe economy and built a lack of trust and faith between the two races in Zimbabwe. The observations made were that it’s impossible for Zimbabwe to exist as solely a black community without other races given the current globalization and integration systems in the international arena. Recommendations were made that there should be a guarantee for the citizens to talk about the past, the government to implement reconciliation to the fullest capacity and allow the freedom of expression by both sides. Economic trajectory has given a conclusion that there is no way Zimbabwe can exist without the other races and there is need to promote diversity in order to attract capital and growth of the state economy.
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