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Journal of African History and Archaeology (JAHA) Volume 1, Number 1, June 2023 Guest Editor: Dr Maryam M. Jungudo

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ISSN : 2753-3190 (Print) ISSN 2753-3204 (Online)

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The Journal of African History and Archaeology (JAHA) founded in 2023, provide a platform for interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary studies into content and methods in African history and archaeology. It welcomes well-researched articles of historical and archaeological value relating to indigenous knowledge systems, oral traditions, oral history, minorities, heritage, sacred sites and newly found sites. This is in addition to theoretical and field-based papers on African art productions from the earliest decipherable time- period to the ethnographic present. In this inaugural issue, the journal publishes six articles which were carefully selected to keep within the remits of the journal

The first paper on the list is written by Mhando Mashaka Mikidady, entitled, A History of Slave Trade in Northeastern Tanzania: A Case of Bondei People, 1800-1900 discusses the slave trade in East Africa, the Bondei in particular. The author combines testimonies from oral, written sources and surveys some major ideas and debates on the trade Subsequently, it gives the experience of the trade in the Bondei community found in the northeastern Tanganyika. East Africa had three phases of the slave trade however the major known is that of the 1840s following the introduction of Oman’s capitals in Zanzibar. Oman’s presence in Zanzibar integrated the whole East Africa in economic and political activities. The opening of slave market in Zanzibar had a profound impact to the mainland communities. In this study the Bondei community is surveyed to provide the experience where the trade is discussed to include the Bondei as both the dealers and the raided communities at the same time. Islam and Christianity religion are mentioned to come in Bonde as a result of the influence of the trade.

The author of Economic Autarchy and Management of Resources as a Catalyst to Conflicts in Nigeria, James Chukwuemeka Mbah, x-rays how the quest for economic domination and freedom has contributed to conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa with specific focus on Nigeria – a miniature Africa because of its pluralism. In the course of the discourse, it was discovered that none of the various ethnic nationalities intends the extermination of the other, rather a quest for self-sufficiency and economic stability for itself. As a result of the above, conflicts of interests interfere and works at cross-purpose against each other; hence endangering peaceful co-existence. The paper made use of qualitative research methodology, with written sources as materials for the research; while adopting Marxian theory of historical materialism. The paper concluded with a suggestion that a political solution where indigenous ethnic economic interest should first be considered, before the general interest. This way, the indigenous ethnic nationalities would have a domineering role in stabilizing local economies, taking into consideration economic interdependence of the 21^st century world order.

Incorporation of the Mumuye into the Administration of Muri Emirate, 1874-1901 written byUsman Muazu Alhassanis third on the list. Alhassan’s centers on the incorporation of Mumuye into the administration of Muri Emirate from 1874 to 1901. The author examines the Inter-group relations between the Fulbe and Mumuye in Muri Emirate as well as discusses the establishment of Muri Emirate that laid a foundation for the incorporation of the Mumuye ethnic group into the administration of the Emirate. It explores how the Mumuye people were incorporated into the political administrative structures of the Muri Emirate, and how their participation in these structures affected their social, economic and political lives. The paper draws on archival source such as colonial reports, oral histories and other primary sources to analyze how Mumuye were incorporated into Muri Emirate’s administration. It argues that while the incorporation of the Mumuye people was initially met without resistance from some members of the ruling elite, it ultimately led to a more inclusive system of governance in which all ethnic groups were represented. The paper concludes by highlighting how this incorporation provided a platform for greater harmonious relationship between the Fulbe and Mumuye people within the Emirate.

The fourth article by Dan O. Chukwu and Jude A. Asenime, examines Nigeria’s Leadership Questions: An Appraisal of the Immediate Post-Colonial Period. In this paper, an attempt is made to dissect the problem that has faced the Nigerian federation since independence in 1960. This leadership crisis is located in ethnic fractionalisation, religious bigotry and regionalism. For the effective execution of the paper, we have settled for the use of the ethnic fractionalisation theory. The theory, according to its proponents, Donald Horowitz and Ashutosh Varshney, shows that countries with diverse ethnic groups are more likely to experience conflicts and instability than those with homogeneous populations. Over the years, this has been the challenge of the Nigerian federation. In conclusion, the paper notes that the Nigerian leadership problem has persisted until date.

Wapmuk and Jamiu Yusuf Danga, writes about Xenophobia and African Unity. These authors,discovers the nexus between xenophobia and African unity, and by extension, the implications of xenophobia on the African unity project. Methodologically, the paper is largely qualitative, with data drawn from secondary sources and analyzed thematically. It sought to answer questions like; what is xenophobia? What are its manifestations in Africa? What are the impacts of xenophobia on African unity and intra-African relations? Towards addressing these questions, the paper examined scholarly works on the concept of xenophobia; discussed the manifestations of xenophobia against Africans and within the African Continent; and, examined the impacts of xenophobia on African unity and intra-African relations. The paper sees xenophobia as a fear or hatred of foreigners. While contending that African states do not as a matter of state policy utilize xenophobia against migrants of African citizens, but, elements within African states tend to carry out xenophobic attacks. The paper affirmed that xenophobia is a global phenomenon that has manifested in many African countries, particularly post-apartheid South Africa. Xenophobia impacts negatively the African unity project and intra-African relations in many ways including; undermining bilateral and multilateral relationships between and among African societies countries; promoting unhealthy competition and unnecessary bickering among African countries; undermining the sense of African citizenship and destroying national cohesion and the African spirit of togetherness - Ubuntu. The paper recommends that African leaders should address the root causes of xenophobic sentiments and promote African unity at national levels by rekindling the pan-African project of unity and integration from below.

Lastly, Women and Dynamics of Food Security in Pre-Colonial Nigeria: A Historical Perspective, written by Ezedinachi, Ifeoma Edith,unravel the inestimable contributions of women to food security of their respective families and societies. To this end, a Marxist/Socialist and Postmodernist theories were adopted. The paper submits that women across the different epochs of Nigeria’s existence, played active, positive and constructively impactful roles in pre-colonial era, thus, this should inspire contemporary Nigerian women to higher levels of participation, productivity and performance in the critical task of nation building. Adopting primary and secondary sources data, the study employed historical method of analysis. Finally, the paper recommends for lessons to be drawn from pre-colonial Nigerian women’s efforts in ensuring food security for their society, especially for the sake of good gender relations and ultimately, gender equality.

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