The Political Economy of Economic Regulation in Nigeria is an analysis of the Nigerian economy within the context of the dynamics of public and private sector roles and relations. It traces the foundations and emergence of the Nigerian economy and explains the shift from a public sector-driven one to the current ascendancy of the private sector. Using a political economy approach, the author explains the nature, operations and challenges facing economic regulatory institutions in the country. While exposing the absence of a robust regulatory framework to guide the increased role of the private sector in the economy, the author proposes an increased private sector participation in decision-making within regulatory agencies to moderate strangulating political influence.