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Climate Change, Peace and Security in the SADC Region: An Analysis Based on Document Research
Rosemary Kasimba, Solomon Muqayi and Tendai Losi 7
The paper focused on the implications of climate change on peace and security in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The paper adopted document analysis to collect data on peace and security in the region. The research was informed by the human security approach. The paper focused on the implications of climate change on peace and security in the SADC region. The findings of the study showed that climate change reduces agricultural productivity and causes poverty, rural-urban migration, unemployment, food insecurity, malnutrition and political instability. Incessant drought and poverty have an impact on human security which indirectly leads to civil unrest. The study concluded that climate change can catalyse the spread of terrorists in the region as the recruitment of the local people will be made easy due to poverty and hunger. The study recommended that governments invest in climate change mitigation measures, sustainably extract and utilise natural resources for the benefit of citizens and promote local and infant industries to promote economic growth.
This article examined the factors that influence conflict relapse in South Sudan and attempted to provide policy recommendations. Despite numerous local and international interventions through peace processes and other aspects of conflict interventions, conflict in South Sudan continues to recur. Since its independence from North Sudan, the people in South Sudan have never experienced a culture of peace. The country has been engulfed in flames due to widespread violent conflicts. The paper was located within the peace and conflict research field and argued from a standpoint of conflict recurrence. It asserted that the corruption-security nexus, failed governance, poor services delivery, unmet basic human needs, inequality and poverty trigger conflict relapse in South Sudan. The paper made a scholarly contribution to the fields of political science and sociology by arguing that the corruption-security nexus, kleptocracy form of leadership, poor service delivery, unmet basic human needs, inequality and poverty lead to a security threat. This article recommended that there is a need for political goodwill to address structural violence. There is also a great need to establish the rule of law that promotes accountability and transparency. Not unless there is an intentional change in governance, violence might continue to be a common phenomenon in South Sudan. To achieve these assertions, this paper used a qualitative research design with as the data collection technique.
This article examined the factors that influence conflict relapse in South Sudan and attempted to provide policy recommendations. Despite numerous local and international interventions through peace processes and other aspects of conflict interventions, conflict in South Sudan continues to recur. Since its independence from North Sudan, the people in South Sudan have never experienced a culture of peace. The country has been engulfed in flames due to widespread violent conflicts. The paper was located within the peace and conflict research field and argued from a standpoint of conflict recurrence. It asserted that the corruption-security nexus, failed governance, poor services delivery, unmet basic human needs, inequality and poverty trigger conflict relapse in South Sudan. The paper made a scholarly contribution to the fields of political science and sociology by arguing that the corruption-security nexus, kleptocracy form of leadership, poor service delivery, unmet basic human needs, inequality and poverty lead to a security threat. This article recommended that there is a need for political goodwill to address structural violence. There is also a great need to establish the rule of law that promotes accountability and transparency. Not unless there is an intentional change in governance, violence might continue to be a common phenomenon in South Sudan. To achieve these assertions, this paper used a qualitative research design with as the data collection technique.
The study examined the socio-economic effect of violence and growing social unrest in South Africa’s development, particularly focusing on the recent Free Zuma protest, the violence that occurred in most parts of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Following the arrest of former South African President Jacob Zuma for contempt of court. Using secondary data, the study attributed this violent act to include the frustrations of hungry and cold people whose prospects were already hampered by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and rising inequality between the rich and poor; high level of unemployment; intra-party tensions; ANC-factionalism; stereotypical Zulu nationalism; and racial tensions in South Africa. The riots in KwaZulu-Natal were accompanied by crimes such as looting; torching of private and public assets; and, to a greater extent, civilian homicide. The findings of the study indicated that the riots in KwaZulu-Natal provinces resulted in human (in)security; poverty aggravation; food and fuel shortages; consequences on the health sector (amid the violence); loss of lives; and an increase in unemployment.
The reality of conflict situations at the community level that rekindle imagination and hope for a peaceful future is often neglected in mainstream peacebuilding discourses. This is in spite of the fact that imagining peace offers promise for broadening, revitalising and shaping community-based peace activities. The question guiding this study is: How is peace visualised at the community level, and how do community dynamics rekindle imagination, invention, and the creation of peaceful images? To systematically address the key question, the qualitative research methodology was followed through a case study research design. The case involved 42 male and female adults who are members of peace committees in ward 8 of Seke district, Zimbabwe. To achieve methodological triangulation and validation of results, focus groups and key informant interviews were deployed. Findings revealed that peace is understood as both a present reality and an ideal or imagined peace state. The imaginative nature of peace holds the tension existing between conflicted communities and utopian notions together by inspiring hope for a peaceful future even when the going gets tough. Paradoxically, the imagined peace state is often overlooked in everyday communication and interactions, as it is depicted as utopian in the face of conflicted communities. Despite being labelled as utopian, imagined peace state has the ability to rekindle optimism and provide people renewed motivation to work toward a peaceful future.
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