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Utilizing Cultural Competency and Translational Research in Scaling up Care for Sub-Sahara African Children Impacted by HIV/AIDS: A Conceptual Review
Samson Chama & Christson Adedoyin9
This study focuses on infection modes, deliberate infection, stigma and risky sexual behavior of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The purpose was to examine whether PLWHA who contracted HIV/AIDS through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, injection, and while caring for sero-positives differ in risky sexual behavior; whether PLWHA who perceived to be deliberately infected and those who perceived otherwise differ in risky sexual behavior; and whether experience of stigma relate with risky sexual behavior of PLWHA. The study design was cross sectional and the data was collected through a questionniare. The participants consist of 93 HIV/AIDS patients taking treatments in antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinics. The sample comprises 30 male and 63 female with a mean age of 35 years. The results revealed that the impact modes of infection and perception of deliberate and non-deliberate infection on risky sexual behavior of PLWHA do not differ significantly, and experience of stigma was not significantly related to risky sexual behavior of PLWHA. Effect size statistics revealed that the independent variables have very small impact on the dependent variable, and therefore the findings disconfirmed the theory of reciprocity that the hypotheses were based upon. Though the independent variables have very small impact on the dependent variable; they should not be ignored in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Future studies should adopt a mixed method research approach.
Women’s organizations have played critical roles in promoting inter-ethnic dialogue, providing innovative local solutions and ensuring that there are voices of reason and even protest when heightened pressure has been necessary. In the peace building arena, women are often more active through informal community structures that aim to ensure that women’s rights and gender perspectives are incorporated into local programs. The minimal representation of women within political structures and leadership positions (at local, regional, state, and national levels) has led women’s organizations to rely on extensive networks, strong advocacy skills and resourceful means of achieving their objectives. Yet, there are issues that have hindered the efforts of South Sudanese women in peace building, especially at the grassroots. Hence, using Molyneux’s women’s organizing theory, this study examines patriarchy and some aspects of customary laws which could mount road blocks in the way of sustainable peace building which women’s organizations in South Sudan are clamouring for.
The research is a secondary data analysis of focus group responses from a small number of HIV positive women in Kenya. The study examined the women’s perceptions of Gender Based Violence (GBV). The qualitative data was analyzed for themes, coded, then examined using one-way analysis of variance. There were no statistically significant differences between categories describing women’s perceptions of gender violence and abuse, (p= 0.904). Sexual violence was the most frequent response, followed by emotional violence. It is important to understand how women perceive GBV, when developing multi-sectorial approaches to address the gender violence.
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